This introductory chapter lays out a critical approach to the social acceptance of renewable energy infrastructures. In doing so, it first explains and discusses the relevance and significance of a critical approach, and positions this approach within the state-of-the-art of the research field of social acceptance of renewable energy infrastructure. The second part of the chapter outlines what we propose to be five thematic cornerstones of a critical approach (overcoming individualism, repoliticisation, for interdisciplinarity, interventions, overcoming localism and spatial determinism) and summarises the content of the subsequent chapters and how they contribute to these themes.